Liau barbarians : wanderings of the, 193-194. Licius (= Li6-tzi) : 281. Lie-tzl (the book) : see LiB-Tja, the PHILOSOPHER. Li6-tzi, the philosopher : on the Si- wang-mu legend, 146 ; his work may be fictitious, 276; referred to by Chuang-tzi and Menciios, 277 and not« 1, 281. Li6-wang, the Emperor: 274, 332. Life after death : reward for virtue, 82 ; cf. Hell axd purgatokt. Life, value of: Yang Chu on the, 277-278. Lin-i: 127. Ling, Duke of Wa: 246-247, 248, 347. Ling, Duke of Tsin : 220, 335. Ling-wang, the Emperor : 227, 332. Liu An, author : 270. Liu-kuo: see “Six States,” the. Liu-sha (“The Moving Sands ”) : see Sl-WAXG-Mtr. Livestock holders : how ranking in population, 110. Li-j’ : describes custom the Boians had in common with the Hiimg- nu, 271. Lo or Lo-yang : imperial capital built by Ch’ong-wang, 136, 169, 177 ; see also TrxG-Tu. Loadstone: 128, 131, 132, 135. Lob-nor: 146, 147. Loyalty : example of, set by Cni6u- kung, 137; Duke Huan’s, to the emperor, 207 ; offenses in, according to Mencius, 293-295; see also Legitimact of thbone RIGHTS. Lii : famil}' name of the original princes of Tsl, 339. Lu Pu-wei : prime minister of Ts’in, career of, 323-328. Lu, the state of : treatment of pris- oners of war in, 165 ; history of, described in Ch’un-ts’iu and Tso-chuan, 179, 197; Jimg tribes make inroads on, 187 ; as an inland state could not extend its territory, 188; Con- fucius a native of, 229 ; Duke Chau of, patronizes Confucius, 230; Confucius’ sojourn in, 243, 244-246, 248; Duke Chau of, an exile in Ts’i, 243-244; Duke Ting of, 244-246; Con- fucius’ influence on government of, 246 ; Wu K’i studies warfare and becomes military- leader in, 274; Mencius a native of, 274; and ends his days in, 287-288; dukes of, never became kings, 315; annexed by Ch’u, 326, 341 ; princes of, 340-341. Lu-fu : see Wu-k6xg. Lun-yu ( “Confucian Analects ”) : 26, note 1, 253-254, 255. Lung-mon (in North China) : sup- posed home of primeval em- perors, 5. Luxury of rich men described by Yang Chu : 277, note 1. Macklin, Dr. W. E. : on Menci\is, 291. Magnetic needle : see MAKrvEBa’ Compass. Mailed warriors : 163. MaUla, Father de : on Kung-wang, 153 ; author of a voluminous “History of China,” 265. Ma Ki (tenth centuiry) on Si-wang- mu : 151. Man barbarians : defeated near Lake Tung-t’ing bj* Siian-wang, 171 ; rulers of the Ch’u state call themselves, 191 ; occupy the south of China and possibly 368 INDEX territories south of it, 192-194; their wanderings from north to south, 193 ; bronze drums of the, 195-196; see also Ch’u, THE STATE OF. Man: personal name of Mu-wang, 144. Manuscripts buried in tombs : 50. Maps and charts of the Empire : 119, 125. Mariners’ Compass : origin of, 126- 136. Marriage : introduced by Fu-hi, 9 ; special oflBcer in charge of, 115— 116; between parties of same surname treated as incest, 152 ; among the Huns, 168; between Chinese and foreign tribes, 212, 213, 269 ; with several wives apparently on equal terms, 215. Martin, W. A. P., on Su Ts’in : 310. Mastiff, the Tibetan : possibly the prototype of the T’au-t’i6 mon- ster, 87. Matriarchy : see Matrimony. Matrimony : introduced by Fu-hi, 9, 14, 60 ; see also Marriage. Mau-tun, i.q. Baghatur, “hero,” an early sovereign of the Hiung- nu (Huns) : 161, 185; probably one of King Attila’s ancestors, 185-186. Mayers, W. F. : chronological tables, 7, note 2, 17; on Si-wang-mu, 146. Ma Yiian (Japanese Bayen), artist : 89. Mean, Doctrine of the: see Chung- YUNG. Medicine : early efforts in, ascribed to Shon-nung, 10-11. Meeting of princes : under Wu-wang, 103; under I’-wang, 154; em- peror’s power to preside over, delegated to Duke Huan of Ts’i, 207; Huan overrules emperor’s decision by a, 209 ; and ex- presses his loyalty in another, 209, 218; “the Five Articles” agreed upon in, 210 ; presided over by Duke Won of Tsin, when the emperor is rcqxiired to attend, 216; under Ch’ong- wang represented on wall paint- ing, 243 ; under Li6-wang, 275. Megalomania, national : 112. Mei-hi : the Emperor Ki6’s para- mour, 43. Mencius : on Won-wang, 68 ; on T’ai-wang’s migration, 68—69 ; calls Yii, Confucius, and Ch6u- kung the “Three Sages, ” 137 ; eu- logizes Yii and Ch6u-kimg, 138 ; on “the Five Articles ” fixing principles of government, 210; criticizes Tzi-ch’an, 232-233 ; work bearing his name Mong-tzi, 255 ; a native of Lu, 274 ; refers to Li6-tzi, 277 ; opposed to Yang Chu and Mo Ti, 276, 282 ; his life, liis mother, 282-284; opposes anti-Confucian spirit of his time, serves and declines salary in Ts’i, 286 ; his relations to King Hui of Liang, sojourn in Ts’i, Sung and Lu, 287; his death, 288 ; his views on life, government, and political econ- omy, 288-289; his method of arguing, 290-292; an educator in morals, 292-293 ; his political views, 293-296; better expo- nent of Confucianism than the master himself, 299. Merchants : how ranking according to the Ch6u-li, 1 10 ; Lau-tzi on, 240. Meyer and Foy : 196, note 2. Mi : old family name of the sovereigns of Ch’u, 189. Mi, the Duke of : 152. Miau-tzi (aborigines of Southwest China) : derive their origin from the banished San-miau tribes, 86, 196; from P’an-hu, 194. Micius : see Mo Ti. Middle Kingdom {chux/g-kud) : origin of the term, 137. Migration : of Chinese nation in prehistoric and legendary period, 8; alleged, from Babylonia to China, 14-18; from Khotan, 18-20; T’an-fu and his people’s, from Pin to Ch6u, see T’an-fu; il IKDEX 369 of Tangutans, Tibetans, and Miau-tzi from Central China to their later seats, 86 ; of Man barbarians, 193. Millet: 122. Min, King of Ts’i : 318-319, 340. Ministers and advisers : partiality of historians in ascribing great decisions to, 33, 34. Minister, prime (ta-tsai) : 110-111. Miracles : an ill-portending mulberry tree, 48; a minister selected by empteror’s dream, 53 ; several, mentioned in Bamboo Books, 63—55 ; dreams, visions, etc., in historv of Chau state, 270. Mirrors, bronze, alloys of : 126. Model emperor lore of Shu-king: how originated, 33. Mong Au, Ts’in general : 328. Mong-ch’ang-kiin : one of the “Four Nobles,” diplomatic agent in Ts’in, 317 ; turns against Ts’in, serving his native state, Ts’i, 318, 321. Mong-k’i-pi-t’an: 132, note 1. Mong K’o : see Mencics. Mong-tsin (the ford of Mong) : 55 ; Wu-wang’s manifesto to his army at, 63-65. Mong-tzi: see MExcrus. Money : see Exchaxge, mz:ans of. MonofKjUes, origin of the salt and iron : 203-205. Monotheism : see God ; Sacbifice TO God (Shaxg-ti). Moon, the : as an object of worship, 79. Mo Ti : the philosopher of mutual love, 280-282. Mo-tzi : see Mo Ti, the phtlosopher. Mountains, sacred : as objects of worship, 79, 120-122. Mourning : period of three years’, not counted as office by historians, 31 ; spent in preparing for duties of government, 47 ; Con- fucius’ respect for persons in, 256 ; Confucius exaggerates, 230 ; Mencius’, for his mother, 287 ; Chuang-ta says, “real, grieves in silence,” 304. 2s Mu, Duke of Ts’in : according to Chavannes, identical with Mu- t’i6n-tzi of the Si-wang-mu lend, 151 ; fourth among the “Five Leaders,” 206, 219, 333. Mulberrj- tree, an ill-portending : 48. Murder, poUtical : attempted by means of unsafe boats, 143. Music : instruments of wood and silk thread constructed by Fu-hi, 9; the shong, or reed organ, in- vented by Nii-kua, 9 ; construc- tion of instnunents of, leads to system of weights and measures, 22, 23 ; a driun himg before the Emperor Shim’s gate, 32; court musicians and singers under the Ch6u dj-nasty selected from the blind, 125; dnims in military use, 165; big drvun soimded on approach of enemy, 176 ; Con- fucius impressed by, 243; see also Bronze drums. Musicians, court : 125. Mu-t’i4n-tzi (“Mu, the Son of Heaven ”) : 145. Mu-t’ien-tiri-chuan : 145, 148-149. Mu-wang, the Emperor : 144-152, 169, 269, 331. Mj-thological Period : 3-26, 329. Nakhunte, Kudur, of the Baby- lonians : referred to Huang-ti by De Lacouperie, 17-18. Names, clans, and by-names not known among the Huns : 168. Nan (= baron) : 98. Nan-chung : name of two generals referred to in the Shi-king, also in inscription of 812 B.C., 161. Nan-ts’ishu : 130, note 1. Nan-tzl, the ill-reputed Duchess of Wei, 246-247, 248. Nan-wang, the Emperor : 314-321, 325, 326, 332. Nan-yu6, the state of : 196, 227. Needles : among necessaries of life in seventh centur>- B.C., 204. Nest-builders : 5, 6, 329. Niau-tsi-tcdn (“script of birds’ foot- prints ”) : see Writtxg, art of. Nine Tripods, the {kiiirting) : corre- 370 INDEX spond to nine provinces of Yii, 36, 90; taken possession of by Wu-wang, 98 ; as emblems of imperial dignity ridiculed by a vassal, 221 ; history and sym- bolic power of, described by Ting-wang, 221-222; seized by the King of Ts’in, 325 ; loss of, forfeits title of “ Son of Heaven, ” 326. Nobles, the Four : see Foub Nobles, THE. Nobility, the five grades of: regu- lated by Wu-wang, 98 ; see also Chu-hou. Nomadic life : under Fu-hi, 9-14 ; under Huang-ti, 13; of the Huns, 168. Nii-kua, the Emperor: Fu-hi ’s co- regent or successor, 9; repairs vault of heaven, 10. Oath : legalized by blood of animal, 124, 271. Oppolzer, T. von : on the Shu-king eclipse, 41. Old-Turkish stone inscriptions : 184, note 1. Oracles : see Divination. Origin of Chinese race : not known, 3-4, 8; oldest names ascribed to prehistoric period belong to northwestern China, 4, 5 ; re- ferred to Babylonia, 14-18; to Kliotan, 18-20. Ou-yang Siu: on the “Stone Drums of the Ch6u dynasty,” 171. Ox : the Emperor Shon-nung repre- sented with head of, 10. Oxen : said to have been first used by Huang-ti for drawing carts, 22 ; produced in Ordos territory and North Shan-si, 122; bag- gage-cars drawn by, in war, 164 ; with horses and sheep reared by the Huns, 168. Pa-kua, symbols of oldest system of Chinese philosophy : invention of, ascribed to Fu-hi, 9; de- scription of, 59-61 ; as means of augiiration, 118; see also I-kino. Pages : see Sons op the Empire. Pai, or po (“hundred”): as a nu- merical term denoting totality, 15. Pai-hu-t’ung : 60. Palace : first, bviilt by Huang-ti, 21 ; emperor’s, during the Ch6u djmasty, 114-115. Pan Ku, historian : 60. P’an-hu: legendary ancestor of the Man barbarians, 194. P’an-kong, the Emperor : 53, 82, 83, 100-101, 331. P’an-ku ; first human being, 4, 329. Paravey, le Chevalier de : cited by M. Huber as identifying Si- wang-mu with the Queen of Sheba in 1853, 151, note 2. [I find that Paravey first wrote on the subject in 1839 ; see his “ Dis- sertation sur les Amazones,” Paris, 1840, p. 15. F. H.] Pardon : the sovereign’s right, 123. Parker, E. H. : 130. Parliamentary power, traces of : 124, Pau, the state of : 171. Pau-hi : see Fu-hi. Pau-shl: an officer with nensorial functions, 116. Pau Ssi : sultana of Yu-wang, 169, 171-174, 176-177. Pear-tree, the sweet : symbol of people’s love, 139. Pedigrees : extended to legendary emperors, 99, 191, 228. Pei-jung tribes : 187. Penal code : that of Ch6u dynasty comparatively humane, 123. People’s voice, the, in important decisions : 124. Pessimism : see Yang Chu. Pheasants : represented on oldest bronzes, 88 ; offered as tribute, 127, 128. Phonix, the, on bronzes : see Dragon. Philosophers, minor : 264, 305-308. Philosophy : Chinese natural, ba.scd on male and female principles, 59-62; Ya-izf, “ the Philosopher Yii,” possibly oldest work on, 69, note 1, 192; difficulty of translating works of, 239-240; INDEX 371 flourishing at time of political troubles, 262 ; some philoso- phers’ works throw light on, and reflect spirit of, Contending States, 264, 276 ; statesmen and diplomats study, 285; applica- tion of, to affairs of government, 295-296; texts of, 305-307; classification of works of, 306 ; minor works of, compiled or added to by later writers, 307 ; see also Coxftctantsts ; Cndu- KTTNG ; Hax-fei ; KuAX-Tzii ; Mo Ti ; Srx Wc ; Sltn K’tjaxg ; Tathsts; Wox-wano; WuK!; Yaxg Cht: ; Yr-Hitrxo. Pi : see Gem, the sacred. Pi-kan : killed by Ch6u-sin, 63. Pin : residence of the dukes of Ch6u before T’an-fu’s migration, 58, 68, 169. Pines: 122. Ping, Duke of Lu : 341 ; and Men- cius, 287. P ’ing-chou-k ’o-t ’an: 1 33 . P’ing-wang, the Emperor : 177, 332. Plng-wan-kiin : one of the “ Four Nobles,” 321. Piton, Ch. : on Su Ts’in and Chang I, 311, note 1. Ploughs : of iron in seventh century B.C., 204. PdTirts’au-yen-i: 131. Poetry, Chinese : difficulty of trans- lation, 239-240; see also Sm- KiXG and K’u YtJAX. Po(= earl): 98. Po-fu : Yu-wang’s son by his sul- tana Pau-ssi, 172. Po-i, ancestor of the princes of Ts’in : 153. Po K’i, commander of Ts’in : 318- 323; besieges Shang-tang, 321; commits suicide, 322. Po-ku-t’u4u: 73. Po-yang: court astronomer under Yu-wang, 172. Po-yu : see Li, sox of Confucius. PoUce fimctions : 124. Population : nine ranks of, 110 ; cen- svis of, how taken, 119; has share in important decisions in public matters, 124 ; transfer of, away from original homes, 124 ; mixed character in, of boundary states, 267-268. Porcelain : see Pottebt. Pottery : in the East and in Europe it has derived models from Shang and Ch6u sacrificial bronzes, 84. Prayer by substitute : 103. Prehistoric lore: 3-7, 235-237. Pride, Chinese national : origin of, 112. “Princes of the Empire”: see Cht-hou. Products of provinces : 120-122. Professions, the nine : 110. Po•inces : empire divided into, under Huang-ti, 21 ; nine cre- ated vmder Chuan-hii, 25; nine imder Yii, 36, 37; pictorially represented by Nine Tripods, 90; according to the Ch6u-li, 119-122. P’u : city in the state of Tsin, now pro\'ince of Shan-si, 212, 213. Quipu : see KxoT-WRmxG. Quivers: 164. Rain, praying for : 36. Red : declared the national color of the Ch6u dj-nasty, 98. Reed stalks : as instruments of di-i- nation, 83. Revenue, Board of: 113; see also Taxes. Rice : produced in Yang-ch6u, 120 ; in Ts’ing-ch6u, 121. Richthofen, Baron F. von : deri•es origin of Chinese race from Khotan, 18-20; on Shu-king, 33; on the Emperor Yu’s en- gineering works, 34, 38 ; his -iew on the old model emp)erors, 33-34; on the Yu-kung; his authority in Chinese research limited, 38. Ririmnin : see Li Luxq-miex. Roasting, the punishment of : 53, 57 and note 1. Robber Chi, the stor>' of : 302-303. 372 INDEX Roman Orient : inhabitants of, said by native author to be like Chinese, 19. Rulers, the Five : 12. Rushes: 121. Sacks : used for provisions in war, 164. Sacrifice : leading feature in Ufe of nation during Shang dynasty, 83 ; viands and libations used as offerings, 84; sacrifice to God (Shang-ti), first introduced by Fu-hi, 9 ; regulated by Huang- ti, 13, 21 ; neglected by Shau-hau, 24; reorganized by Chuan-hii, 25 ; during the Shang and Ch6u d5Tiasties, 78-80, 118; claimed as the emperor’s privilege bj’ King of Ts’in, 326; sacrifice to minor deities, 80-81, 118; see also Mountains, sacred ; sac- rifice to ancestors, 81-83, 118, 177; see also Ancestors. Sacrificial vessels : see Bronzes. Salt : produced in Yu-ch6u (Chi-li), 122; monopoly created by Kuan-tzi, 203-205. San-kiau (“the Three Religions”): 237-238. San-kuo-chi: 129, note 1. San-miau tribe : banished by Yau, identified by some with T’au-t’i6 monster, 85-87 ; supposed ances- tors of Tangutans, Miau-tzi, and Tibetans, 86, 196. San-Tsin (=The Three Tsin States) : 264, 335-336. San-wei : locality in western Kan-su, near the northern boundary of Tibet, 87, 145. School : established under Ti-k’u, 25; the Duke of Ch6u (Won- wang) builds an imperial college, 54 ; school at Wu-wang’s capi- tal, 99; philosophical school of Kui-ku-tzi, 285, 307. Sc3rthians : possibly Hunnio tribes, 185. Self-culture : the subject of the Ta-hio, 254 ; reconmiended by Menciua, 292. Sericulture : see Silk. Servants : rank eighth in population, 110. Seven Heroes, the : see Ts’i-hittng. Sha-ch6u : eastern terminus of tract known as liu-sha, 147. Sha-k’iu : one of Ch6u-sin’s resi- dences, in the present Chi-li, 57. Shan-hai-king : 146. Shan-jung (=“Hill” Jung): a [Mongohc ?] branch of the Huns, 168, 187; Duke Huan of Ts’i’s expedition against, 207. Shan-3ai : title of the Great Khan of the Huns, 66, 167; see also Huns. Shang, Duke of Sung : 229, 342. Shang dynasty, the : 47-91 ; 330- 331 ; its records consist chiefly of emperors’ names, 49; its culture, 71-91 ; causes of its downfall, 69-70 ; destroyed with the assistance of Tartar tribes, 169, 183; probably first his- torical period, 252. Shang Jung : former minister of Ch6u-sin, assists Wu-wang in government, 95. Shang-tang : city in the state of Chau, the present Lu-an-fu in Shan-si, 321. Shang-ti, “the Supreme Ruler”: see God. Shau-hau, the Emperor : 24, 329. Shau-k’ang, the Emperor: 42, 330; his successors, 330. Shau-kung (= Duke of Shau) : (1) prime minister to K’ang- wang, 138; his popularity eulo- gized in tlie Shi-king, 139 ; min- ister to Chau-wang, 143 ; first prince of Yen, 338; (2) prime minister to Li-wang, advocates freedom of 8p>ccch, 164-165; shields Li-wang ’s son, Siian- wang, against revolutionists and becomes his minister, 157. Shau-ti6n : supposed father of Shon- nung and Huang-ti, 12. Shebn, Qucon of : identified with Si-wang-mu by Professor Forke, 160-161 ; also by Paravey, 161. INDEX 373 Sleep : used among the Huns by- children in the practice of riding, 168. Jhen-si and Kan-su : the cradle of Chinese ciohzation, 4. 5hi, Prince of : 101. 5hi Hu, the Emperor : 130, 135. 5hi-huang-ti : causes works of litera- ture to be consigned to obUvion, 71 ; calls himself “The First Emperor,” 97; changes in cul- tural Ufe under, prepared cen- turies before him, 270; changes conditions of land tenure, 298 ; his paternity and succession to the Ts’in throne, 324, 327-328 ; see also Chon’q. iki-ir-chl: see Cycxical characters. ihi-kan : see Cyclical characters. hi-ki, Ssi-ma Ts’in’s history of early periods (translated by Ed. Chavannes) : on Huang-ti, 7, 12, 13 ; on emperors’ fief j names, 17; its praises of model i emperors, 29 ; its chronologj’ ' benning from 841 b.c, 51 ; on Chou-sin, 56; on culture of Shang period, 76 ; on San- miau’s banishment, 86 ; dates decline of imperial jiower from Chau-wang, 143 ; on the Dxike of Mi’s three wives, 152 ; on the name Ts’i6n-m6u; silent on Siian- Wang’s wars against the Huns, 158 ; on early history and life of the Huns, 167-170 on Yu-wang and Pau Ssi, 172 ignores ecUpse of 776 b.c, 176 on emperor’s duty to sacrifice to ancestors, 177 ; dates decay of imperial authority from P’ing- wang, 178 ; on the genealogy of Himnic sovereigns, 186; on Chau-wang ’s death, 189; on the princes of Ch’u, 191-192; on the descendants of Kuan- tri, 205; on Lau-tzT, 231, 240; mentions the Sun-tzi, 234; its chapter on Confucian Disciples, 249 ; throws light on history- of Contending States, 264 ; its history of the Chau state, 269- 273 ; on Hin-wang, 275 ; refers to Kui-ku-tzi as a teacher, 308 ; on Su Ts’in, 309, 310, 313 ; on Prince I-jon’s flight from Han- tan, 324. Shi-king, or “ Book of Odes ” : ballad referring to H6u-tsi, 26 ; con- tains no mention of Yau and Shun, 55; portions of, among the oldest products of Chinese hterature, 59 ; throws hght on Shang culture, 74, 76; oldest ode in, referred to eighth century B.C., 76 ; allegorical p)oem as- cribed to Ch6u-kung, 105; the term “Middle Kingdom ” occurs in, 137; ode on the “Sweet Pear Tree,” 139; many of its satirical poems refer to P-wang, 153 ; its accovmt of a battle against the Huns, 158-160; ode referring to Won-wang’s wars against the Huns, 161 ; extract from Legge’s transla- tion of Eidouard Blot’s analysis of odes throwing light on mode of warfare, 162-166; compared to Homeric epics as a source of history-, 166; rhj-mes of, throw hght on ancient sounds of the language, 167 ; ecUpse men- tioned in, confirmed by Western astronomers, 173-174 ; edited by Confucius, 252; highest in estimation among works of poetry, 316. Ships and boats : under Huang-ti, 22 ; south-pointing, allusion to, during Tsin dj-nasty, 130; boat used for poUtical murder, 143. Shon, Marquis of : 169, 172, 177. Shon-i-king : 86. Shon-kua, encyclopedist : 132, 136. Shon-nung, the Emperor : 10, 329 ; his app>earance ; introduces field labor and botany, 10 ; descend- ants of, appointed fief-holders under Wu-wang, 99 ; his time coincides with stone age, 236. Shon-nung-pon-ts’au-king : 10-11. Shon-tsing-wang, the Emperor : 313, 332. 374 INDEX Shong, the reed organ : invented by Nii-kua, 9. Schopenhauer’s pessimism compared with Yang Chu’s : 279. Sh6u-ch’im, an eastern capital of the state of Ch’u : see Map. Shu (= Ssi-ch’uan) : conquered by Ts’in, 314. Shu-king (“the Book of History”): its record of Yau and Shun a “Mirror of Princes,” 29; early knowledge of astronomy be- trayed in, throws doubt on the tradition, 30; its account of Shun, 31 ; of Yii, 32-38; oldest source of pre-Confucian history, 33 ; its compilation ascribed to Confucius, 33, 251-252; its tradition differs from that of the Bamboo Books, 51 ; P’an- kong’s views on government re- corded in, 52 ; suspicious for periods preceding Ch6u-sin, 55- 66, 76-77 ; quotes names of foreign tribes assisting Wu- wang, 69-70 ; as a source for knowledge of cultural life before Ch6u dynasty, 76 ; contains traces of monotheism, 78-80; of cult of minor deities, 80; of ancestor worship, 81-83 ; of sacrificial service, 83 ; P’an- kong’s argument why the nation should be loyal to him, 100-101 ; Ch6u-kung’s ideas about God, one’s ancestors, and one’s own merit, 101-102; Ch6u-kung’8 prayer for Wu-wang’s recovery, 102-103 ; Ch’ong-wang’s speech appointing Wei-tzi prince of Sung, 106-107 ; contains two chapters on the fundamental in- stitutions of government, 107 ; contains but scanty details on Mu-wang, 144; the name K’un- lun first cited in, 145 ; the Jo- shui, or “Weak Water,” men- tioned in, 147 ; mainly a series of speeches embodying political wisdom, 156, 178 ; closes its account of Ch6»i emperors with P’ing-waug; gap in previous history, 178; Confucius’ con- nection with, 251-252 ; some religious views expressed in, foreign to Confucian school, 253 ; Mencius’ faith in, 288. Shu-liang Ho, father of Confucius 229. Shu-yii, Ch’ong-wang’s brother : in- vested with Tsin, 266, 334. Shui-king-chu : 127. Shun, the Emperor: 31-32, 329 supposed descendant of Chuan- hii, 25; selected as emperot from the masses, 31 ; his loyj of justice, 32 ; banishes Kun and appoints Yii to regulate deluge, | 32; his title Yu-yii, 32; pr tised divination, 83; banish certain tribes, or personag 85 ; visited by Si-wang-muJ 151 ; Po I, minister under, sup- posed ancestor of princes ol Ts’in, 153 ; wall painting of, 243 ; as represented in Shu-king, 251 ; a descendant of, in vestal with Cli’on by Wu-wang, 343 sec also Yau and Shun. Shun-wei (Sliim-yii) : name, or titl’ of earliest chiefs of tlie Hun possibly standing for Shan-v. 167. Si-ch6u (the “Western Ch6u ”) so-called before P’ing-wang, 179. Si-ling, the Lady of : 22. Si-po, “Chief of the West”: ae WoN-WANQ. Si-wang-mu, legend of : 144-151. Siang, Duke of Sung : 219, 342. Siang, Duke of Tsin : 219, 335. Siang, King of Ts’i : 319, 340. Siang-wang, the Emperor : 218, 33-' Siau-kia, the Emiwror : 48, 330. Siaii-shi {“SmnM Historian”): 125 Si6-yen-t’o : see Sir-Taruush. Si&n-ts’in-chu-tzi-ho-piin : a collar tion of philosopliical texts, 305 306. Silk : Fu-hi constructs musical in-| struments of, 9 ; introductioi of, by Lei-tsu, 22, 23; pr- duced imder government supci vision during the Ch6u dynasty INDEX 375 110; brocades of, a trade monopoly during the Han dy- nasty, 117; produced in Yii- ch6u, 121 ; textures of, produced in Ping-ch6u, 122 ; axle-trees of chariots and bows covered with, 164 ; torn in quantities to please a woman, 172. Iver Island, the bronze tripod of: 161. n-ling-kun : one of the “ Four Nobles,” 321 ; raises siege of Han-tan, 322; unsuccessful in last attempt to break the power of Ts’in, 328. n-po : minister under Chuang- wang, 201. ngers, court : 125. r-Tardush : identical with the Si6- yen-t’o tribes of Chinese his- torians, 184, note 1. 5ix States," the (Yen, Chau, Han, Wei, Ts’i, and Ch’u) : in aUi- ance against Ts’in, 310; ex- clude Ts’in from Han-ku Pass, 313; riding on horseback not customary before time of, 273. dns : produced in King-ch6u or Ch’u, 121, 214. lull of enemy used as drinking vessel: 270-272. Idiers enlisted for hunting pur- poses : 119. n of Heaven : the emperor’s title from high antiquity, 95-96. ins of the Elmpire (kuo-tn) : 116, 117. Iphists, Chinese : 307-308. Iimds, ancient, of Chinese syllables : 7, 167. Pi-pointing : chariots, 127, 135 ; ships, 130, 135; needle, see IIakinebs’ Compass. es : of iron in seventh century B.C., 204. eeches in historical texts : 155- 156. eech, liberty of: advocated, 155. elling of Chinese words : method adopted Ln present work, xv-xx, 217, note 1. irits : of the departed supposed to affect lives of descendants, 81-82, 100-102; of good sov- ereigns and ministers live in heaven, 82 ; see also Ancestohs ; Heaven. Spring, Mandarin of {ch’un-kvMn) : 113, 117-119, 124. Sei-ch’uan province : supposed home of the Emperor Yii, 33; con- quered by Ts’in, 314. Ssi-hau: see ForB Nobles, the. Ssi-ki^ ( = public remonstrators) : 116. Ssi-k ’u-ts ’uan-ahu-tso-yau-tsung - mu : see TsuxG-Mtr. Ssi-ma Kuang, historian : 264, 266, 268. Ssi-ma Ts’in : see Shi-ki. Sst-shl (= court instructors): 116. Ssi-shu (“Fovir Books ”) : 251, 253- 255. Stars, the : as objects of worship, 79. Statistics : early traces of method in, 119-123, 203-205; see also KUAX-TZl. Steppe, northern : Ping-ch6u and Yung-ch6u, nearest territories to, 122. Stone age, the, in China : 236. Stone Drums, the, of the Cb6u dj-nasty : 170. Succession, order of : Hiiang-ti be- comes emperor by his ability, 12 ; the eldest bom disregarded, 24 ; election from another fam- ily, 25, 34 ; emperor deposed by the people, 26; Yau elected to succeed his deposed stepHbrother, 26 ; throne offered to a minister, and then to Shun, a man of the people, 31 ; Yii selected on ac- count of his ability, 34 ; reluc- tantly appKjuits his son, 38-39 ; succession regulated by God, 79-80 ; by the king’s ancestors, 81-82 ; people’s share in decid- ing succession to heirless thrones, 124; rightful heir excluded from throne by uncle as usurper, 153, 218 ; legitimate, insisted on by minister against emperor’s will, 201 ; crown-prince’s, en- 376 INDEX forced against emperor’s wish under pressure of powerful vassal, 209 ; five sons of five wives disputing over throne of Ts’i, 211; Duke Won of Tsin induced by ruse of his followers to accept, 214; disputed by yovmger brothers, 233, 263. Siin K’uang, philosopher : governor in Ch’u, 325 ; teacher of Han- fei-tzi and Li Ssi, 326. Svian, Queen Dowager and Regent of Ts’in : 317, 319. Siian, King of Ts’i : 340 ; his relations to Mencius, 286. Siian-wang, the Emperor : 157-171, 332. Sii^-shan in Kan-su : supposed seat of Si-wang-mu, 150. Su-ch6u (Kan-su) : 150. Su Ts’in, statesman : pupil of Kui- ku-tzi, 285; his career, 308-314. Sui dynasty : classification of im- perial library of, imitated by Chinese writers, 306. Sui-jon : the Prometheus of the Chinese, 6, 329 ; predecessor of Fu-hi, 8. Summer, Mandarin of {hior-kuan) : 113, 119-123. Sun-tzi: see Sun Wu. Sun Wu, military leader and philoso- pher : 234. Sun, the : as an object of worship, 79. Sung-shl: 131. Sung-shu: 129, 130. Superior Man, the : according to Confucius, 239, 254, 255; ac- cording to Lau-tzi, 240. Ta-hio (“The Great Learning”) : 26, note 1, 254. Ta-ki : the Emperor Ch6uH9in’s con- sort, brought away as a captive, 64 ; her licentiousness and cru- elty, 56-57 ; did not invent punishment of roasting, 57, note 1 ; ruled her husband, 56, 65 ; her death, 65. Ta-tsai ( = prime minister) : 110-111. Ta-ts’in (Syria) : 19, 148. Ta-yii : see Yi;. 3k I KUX’ Taboo of names : not known amonj the Huns, 168. T’ai-hau : see Fu-hi. T’ai-kia, the Emperor: 47, 330. T’ai-k’ang, the Emperor: 39, 330 T’ai-kong, the Emperor : 48, 330. T’ai-kung Shang : invested wit! Ts’i by Wu-wang, 339. T’ai-m6u, the Emperor : 48, 330. T ’ai-po : legendary ancestor of prince of Wu, 347. T’ai-shan : sacred mountain in Shan tvmg, 9, 122. T’ai-wang : see T’an-fu. T’ai-yiian : Huns driven back far as, luider Siian-wang, 161 ; part of the state of 212. Tan, Duke of Ch6u : see Chou-ki Tan-yang : old capital of the st:i of Ch’u, 190. T’an-fu (T’ai-wang, or Ku-kung) Won- Wang’s grandfather, 57-5J 331 ; as a vassal of the Hun is caused by their oppression to emigrate, 57-58, 68-69, 169 as chief ancestor of the Ch6 emperors is addressed by Ch6ii kung in prayer, 103; his eldea son, T ’ai-po, supposeil ancestc of sovereigns of Wu, 347. T’ang, “the Completer,” or “tli Successful”: see Ch’ong-t’an T’ang-shu: 96. Tangutans (K’iang) : derive thn origin from the San-miau trib< originally in central China, ^' 196 ; win battle against Siia wang, 158. Tartarization of Chinese cultur 268-273. Tau, King of Ch’u : 274, 337. Tau (“the word”): in the Tav-: king, 239; Professor Giles vn 300. Tau-t6-king : .see Lau-tzi. Tauism : an intligenous religion, 23f see also Tauists. Tauists : cultivate Si-wang-m ' ends, 146 ; Confucianisi how differing, 299; srr nn Chuano-tzi ; Kuan Yin ; Kv 1 INDEX 377 Ktr-Tzi, Latt-tzI ; Lie-tzi ; Won- rz’i. T’au Hung-king, scholar : 308. T’au-t’i6, the monster : a native invention, 84-87 ; held to be identical with San-miau tribe, 85 ; possibly the Tibetan mastiff, 87. Taxes : amoiint of, fixed by Man- darin of Heaven, 1 14 ; collected by Mandarin of Earth, 116 ; on salt and iron, 203-205 ; on agri- culture, 296 ; systems of raising, 297-298. Ten Stems : see Cyclical charac- ters. Terrestrial emperors : 5, 329. Textures of cotton (vegetable fiber) and silk: 122. Thunder pattern (lei-won) : derived from hieroglyphic for “ thiinder, ” 88, 89 ; vised as an ornament for filling-in purposes ; symboUc meaning, 89. Thur6cz, John of : his list of King Attila’s ancestors, 185, 190. Ti (northern barbarians, Huns) : 168 ; referred to in Tso-chuan, 185, 188; Duke Won of Ts’i among the, 213. Ti-chi, the Emperor : 25, 26, 329. Ti-huang: see Terrestrial em- perors. JTi-k’i, the Emperor : 39, 330. Ti-k’u, the Emperor: 25, 329; j father of Yau, ancestor of Shang I and Ch6u emperors, 25. lTi-k\ii, the Emperor : see Kie. JTi-siang, the Emperor : 41, 330. IT’iau-chi (Chaldea) : 148. I Tibetans : supposed descendants of the San-miau tribe, 86. T’i4n, the, family : usurpers in Ts’i, 273, 339, 340. T’in Ch’ang, minister in Ts’i : 273. T’in Ho, usurper in Ts’i : 273, 340. T’iin-chu-kiau (= Roman Catholi- cism) : 238. T’i&n-huang : see Heavenly em- perors. T’ien-ktian : see Heavex, Mandarin T’iin-tzi: see Sox or Heaven. Tin : produced in Yang-ch6u prov- ince, 120. Ting, Duke of Lu : 244-246, 341. Ting-wang, the Emperor : 220, 332. Tithe, le%-ied on har-ests : 297-298. Tonjukuk, inscription of : 184, note 1. T’ong, the state of : 290. Tortoise shells : as instruments of divination, 83, 102, 103, 118. Traffic, land and water : regtdated imder Huang-ti, 22. Translation of poetry and philo- sophical texts : 239-240. Traveler, the Great and the Small: 124-125. Traveling philosophers : 285. Tribute (kung) : 112. Tripods, the Nine : see Nine Tripods, THE. Tsai Yii : see Tzi-o. Ts’ai, the state of : Duke Huan of Ts’i’s expedition against, 208; its first prince a brother of Wu- wang; princes of, 345-346; annexed by Ch’u, 346. Ts’ang-ki4, state historian : reputed inventor of the art of writing, 20-21. Ts’au, the state of: on route from Ts’i to Ch’u, 214; Wu-wang in- vests his brother Chon-to with, 343; princes of, 343-344; an- nexed by Sung, 344. Ts’i, the state of : becomes powerful tmder P’ing-wang, 178; as an inland state could not extend, 188 ; rise of, to great jxiwer ; its Duke Huan, first of the “Five Leaders,” and his minister Kuan- tzi, 201-211, 217-218, 295; its salt and iron industries, 204— 205 ; Duke Won of Tsin as an exile in, 213-214; on side of Tsin in war with Ch’u, 217; under Duke Huan’s successors, 218-219; Duke Chau of Lu an exile in, with Confucivis, 243— 244 ; its court had good music, 243 ; its jealousy of Confucius’ good govenunent in Lu, 246; 378 INDEX one of the “Seven Heroes” states, 266; change of dynasty, the T’in family, 273 ; assumes title of “King,” but remains loyal to emperor, 275, 315 ; princes of, known for luxury, 277, note 1 ; Mencius in, 283, 287 ; plans conqxiest of Yen, 287 ; joins confederation against Ts’in, 310; attacks Chau, 313; Su Ts’in assassinated in, 314 ; Mong-ch’ang-kiin, native of, takes service in Ts’in and re- turns to, 317 ; the title of “Emperor” proposed for King Min of, 318-319 ; conquers Sung, 319; suffers defeat by Yen and its allies, 319 ; annexed by Ts’in, 328, 340; princes of, 339-340. Ts’i-hiung: the seven powerful con- tending states, 266. Ts’iin-han-shu : 66. Ts’idn-m6u : battle-field, near the present Liau-ch6u, Shan-si, 158. Tsin, the state of : becomes powerful under P’ing-wang, 178; causes of its growth, 182, 188, 212 ; its situation, 183 ; its Duke Won one of the “Five Leaders,” 206, 211-217, 219; a son of Wu- wang’s invested with, 212, 266, 334; its Duke Hi<5n, 212; de- feats Ch’u in the battle of Ch’ong-p’u, 216; Chau Ts’ui and Chau Tun ministers in, 220, 269; defeated by Ch’u, 223 ; six grandees of, wrangling for supremacy, 263 ; the fami- lies of Han, Chau, and Wei become powerful in, 263 ; break- ing up of, into three states, 264 ; its former territory finally an- nexed by Ts’in, 328, 335-336; princes of, 334-335. Ts’in, the state of : Duke Mu of, hold to be the Mu-wang of the Si- wang-mu legend, 151 ; Fci-tzi, a dealer in liorses, elevated to rank of prince of, 153 ; becomes powerful under P’ing-wang, 178 ; Clauses of its growth, 182, 188; its situation, 183 ; its Duke Mu one of the “Five Leaders,” 206, 219; interferes with succession in Tsin, 213, 215; on side of Tsin in war with Ch’u, 216 ; one of the “Seven Heroes” states, 266; its boundaries constantly extending, 266-267 ; non-Chi- nese character of, 267-268, 275 ; common descent of its princes mth those of Chau, 269 ; claima hegemony among Contending States; regarded as barbarian country by Chinese, 275 ; Chang I minister in, 286, 312; Ts’in and Anti-Ts’in, the main politi- cal factions in fourth centurj’ B.C., 309 ; sends Chang I on successful mission to Ch’u, 31 315 ; confederation against, bi ken up by Kung-smi Yen, 31| Chang I recalled to ; conque Shu (SsT-ch’uan), 314 ; stronge state long before being styled kingdom in 325 b.c, 314; Kings Hui-won and Wu of. 316; Chang I leaves, for want of ap- preciation; war with Han, 316; King Chau-siang, 317-325; regency of Queen Dowager, 317-320; Wei Jan, commander in, 317 ; and chancellor, 318- 320; reverses in war with Ts’i, Han, and Wei, 317-318 ; Po K’i, commander in, 318-322 ; wins great battle at I-k’ii^ ; title of “Emperor ” proposed for king of, 318; defeats Chau and Ch’u, conquers city of Ying and de- stroys I-ling ; Wei Jan ‘s rule in, overthrown, 319 ; King Chau- siang sole regent with Far. Taix as chancellor, 320-323; de- feats Chau at Shang-tang, 321; the “ Four Nobles ” work against, 321-326; besieges Han-tan aud is defeated, 322 ; loses its great- est general bj’ Fan Tsvi’s jeal- ousy, 322-323 ; Prince I-jon of, and Lii Pu-wei, 323-328; an- nexes imperial dominion and sacred tripods, 325; annexes INDEX 379 Han; King Chau-siang offers sacrifice to Shang-ti in lieu of emperor, 326; its final struggle for supreme power with Lii Pu-wei as prime minister, 327- 328 ; dejxjses last prince of the Chou dynasty and annexes federal states; Chong (=Shi- huang-ti), king of, 328; princes of, 332-334. Fsing, Duke of Tsin : loses his throne to the princes of Wei, Han, and Chau, 335. Fsing : personal name of Siian-wang, 157, 159. Tsing (“well ”), the : system of taxa- tion, 296-297. rs’ing-ch6u proNTnce : 121. Fsoug Ts’an, disciple of Confucius : author of Hiau-king, 249 ; teacher of Wu K’i, 274. Tso-chitan, commentary on the Ch’un-ts’iu: contains an expla- nation of the name T’au-t’i4, 85 ; principal source for the Ch’un- ts’iu period, 179-181, 182, 197, 253; on foreign tribes (Jung, Ti, etc.), 185, 187; describes battle with foreign tribes, 187- 188 ; contains historj’ of the “Five Leaders,” 206; Ch’ong- wang’s mistake as to duration of dj-nasty reproduced in, sup- ports trustworthiness of, 222 ; extends beyond Ck)nf ucius’ death, 262. Pso-k’iu Ming : supposed author of the Tso-chuan, 179. Psu-i, the Emperor: 49, 331. Vsung-hong, the term : 307. Fsung-li-yamen, the : 111. raung-mu: 133, note 1, 148-149. fu, brother of Wu-wang : invested •. with Ts’ai, 345. Puan-mu Shu : 277. fuan-mu Tzl : see Tzi-ktino. pung-ch6u, the “Eastern Ch6u”: 1 so-called since P’ing-wang, 179. mg-ch6u-kiin : the la.st nominal regent of the Ch6u dominion, 325, 326, 332. ung-kuan-k’au-kung-ki : 125. Tung-tu : eastern capital of Ch6u emperors, 177. T’ung-kien-kang-mu: 264-266, 268, 326. Tiirk, the Tiu-ks of Central Asia : identical with the T’u-kii4 of the Chinese, 184, note 1. Turkestan, Eastern : 18-19, 91, 146- 150, 151. Turkish : the language of the Huns, 66, 70, 184, note 1. Turkish word, the oldest, on record : see KiXG-Lu. Twelve Branches : see Ctclical CHARACTERS. Tzi (= \Tscount) : 98. Ta-ch’an, the prudent minister of Chong: 232. Tzi-chi-t’ung-ki&n: see T’uno-kien- KAXG-MXJ. Ta-kimg : supposed author of the Yiii-tsui-shu, 234; disciple of ConfucixK, 249. Tri-lu, Confucius’ favorite disciple: 248-249. Tzi-o, disciple of Confucius : 250. Tzi-shu-pai-chung, a collection of philosophical texts : 306. Tzi-yii : see Tsoxg Ts’an. Tzi-j-uan, disciple
